Dissertação(mestrado)-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós–Graduação em Aqüicultura, Instituto de Oceanografia, 2008.; As fazendas de cultivo de camarões com altas densidades, liberam efluentes com altas cargas de nutrientes, provocando a degradação da qualidade da água. Isto gera preocupação a respeito do lançamento de efluentes dos cultivos. Em vista disto, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência de um sistema integrado de bacia de sedimentação e biofilme na remoção de nutrientes. O estudo foi realizado em ambiente aberto, durante 45 dias. Foram utilizados três tratamentos: a) tratamento TC, sem substrato vertical; b) tratamento T50, superfície interna das caixas aumentada em 50% e c) tratamento T100, superfície interna das caixas aumentada em 100%. As caixas foram abastecidas com o efluente de um cultivo de camarão. Diariamente foram medidos o pH, a salinidade, o oxigênio dissolvido (OD) e a temperatura. Durante os primeiros 15 dias as coletas foram feitas a cada 5 dias, após esse período as coletas de água foram a cada 2 dias, e de biofilme diariamente. As análises de amônia foram feitas em todos os dias de amostragem. As análises de nitrito, nitrato e fosfato, foram feitas de todas as coletas até o 15º dia...

O presente estudo procura caracterizar as origens da implantação do ensino de inglês nos colégios brasileiros, particularmente no século XIX. Nesse intuito analisamos os programas do Colégio Pedro II, bem como os diversos programas do Liceu D. Afonso na Província de São Pedro do Rio Grande do Sul. Estudamos ainda, quais manuais e textos eram utilizados na escola brasileira. O que nos permite afirmar que embora a hegemonia da cultura francesa, o inglês, enquanto disciplina escolar não teve um papel secundário, ao contrário, as marcas e pertinências do idioma anglo-saxão sempre estiveram presentes na “boa formação” das elites.; This paper aims at characterizing the origins of the implementation of the teaching of English in Brazilian schools, particularly in the nineteenth century. In this sense, besides analyzing the programs of Colégio Pedro II, we analyze the various programs of Liceu D. Afonso in the Province of São Pedro do Rio Grande do Sul. We also analyzed which manuals and texts were used in the Brazilian school. This allows us to say that although there was the hegemony of the French culture, the English language, as a school subject did not have a secondary role, on the contrary, the marks and relevance of the Anglo-Saxon language have always been present the “good formation” of the elites.; El presente trabajo busca caracterizar los orígenes de la implantación de la enseñanza de inglés en las escuelas brasileras...

A adição de aliltrimetilsilano, promovida por TiCl4, a íons N-aciliminios cíclicos de 5- e 6- membros derivados do ácido (S)-(+)-mandélico, (1R,2S)-trans-2-fenil-1-cicloexanol e (1R,2S,5R)- 8-fenilmentol ocorreu com baixas a moderadas razões diastereoisoméricas (1:1-6:1) e forneceu as respectivas amidas e carbamatos em bons rendimentos. A melhor diastereosseleção facial foi observada com o uso de (1R,2S,5R)-8-fenilmentol como auxiliar quiral. As amidas e carbamatos 2-substituídos foram convertidos nos alcalóides (S)- e (R)-propil pirrolidina e coniina com eficiente recuperação dos auxiliares quirais.; The TiCl4 - promoted addition of allyltrimethylsilane to chiral 5- and 6-membered N-acyliminium ions employing (S)-(+)-mandelic acid, (1R,2S)-trans-2-phenyl-1- cyclohexanol and (1R,2S,5R)-8-phenylmenthol derivatives as chiral auxiliaries occurred with low to moderate diastereoisomeric ratios (1:1-6:1) to afford 2-substituted amides and carbamates in good yields. The best diastereoselection was observed with (1R,2S,5R)-8- phenylmenthol as the chiral auxiliary. The 2-substituted amides and carbamates were converted to the corresponding alkaloids (S)- and (R)-propyl pyrrolidine and coniine with efficient recovery of the chiral auxiliaries.

Amidas graxas são compostos nitrogenados de longas cadeias saturadas ou insaturadas, sintetizadas a partir da condensação entre ácidos graxos provenientes de fontes renováveis e uma amina. As amidas graxas atualmente são descritas na literatura como uma nova família de lipídeos biologicamente ativos. Em estudos recentes, Khan e colaboradores descrevem o isolamento de uma série de benzilamidas graxas a partir do extrato de Lepidium meyenii que apresentaram atividades anticancerígenas, imunoestimulantes e reguladora de desordens sexuais. Recentemente, foram sintetizadas em nosso laboratório pirrolidilamidas graxas que apresentaram atividade citotóxica em células eritroleucêmicas humanas. Dando seguimento às pesquisas de nosso grupo este trabalho propõe a síntese de benzilamidas graxas, ainda inéditas na literatura, a fim de investigar a relação estrutura atividade citotóxica em células de melanoma.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de diferentes gomas (tara, xantana e alginato de sódio) associado com ácido cítrico, ascórbico e cloreto de cálcio, em relação as características químicas, físicas e microbiológicas na conservação de maçãs ‘Royal Gala’ minimamente processadas quando armazenadas a 4±1 °C. As maçãs foram lavadas, descascadas, cortadas em cubos e armazenadas em embalagem PET, por um período de 15 dias a 4±1 °C. Realizaram-se análises de perda de massa, firmeza, cor (L*e h*), pH, sólidos solúveis totais, e análises microbiológicas (psicrófilos, bolores e leveduras, Salmonella e Escherichia coli). As análises foram realizadas em triplicata no dia do processamento das amostras (dia 0) e após 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12 e 15 dias de armazenamento. Pode-se concluir que os diferentes revestimentos utilizados neste trabalho foram eficientes na conservação de maçãs minimamente processadas, quando comparado a amostra controle.Dos revestimentos avaliados, o tratamento com goma xantana, associado aos ácidos cítrico, ascórbico e do cloreto de cálcio foi o que apresentou os melhores resultados, mostrando-se capaz de reduzir a perda de massa, o crescimento microbiano, manter a cor e a firmeza das maçãs minimamente processadas.; The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of applying different gums (tara...

While all species of the genus Callinectes Stimpson, 1860 have a continuous distribution on the Atlantic coast of the Americas, Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896 is the only one with disjunct distribution. Considering that this species was introduced in Europe and Japan, it has been suggested that the occurrence of C. sapidus on the southern coast of Brazil was due to the transport by ballast water. In the archaeological site Ariano Souza, located in the estuary of the Patos Lagoon (southern Brazil), remains of crustaceans, including claws of approximately two thousand years ago, were found. A preliminary analysis of this material showed Callinecteschelae. Because this archaeological site is located inside the estuary, it has been hypothesized that these chelae belong either to C. sapidus or to C. danae Smith, 1869. A comparison between pincers collected in the archaeological and pincers of these two species (90 dactyls, 30 of each type) was performed. The analysis (ANOVA) considered the variability of seven characters of the dactyls, and demonstrated the existence of two groups. Results showed that the measured characters suffice to separate these species, and indicated that the material found in the archaeological site belongs to C. sapidus. The hypothesis of the introduction of C. sapidus in the area is rejected. The possible biogeographic history of the species is discussed.

This study assessed the associations between female interviewers’ self-classified “color/race” and participants’ self- and interviewer-classified “color/race”. A cross-sectional study was carried out among adult individuals living in Pelotas, southern Brazil. Associations were examined by means of contingency tables and multinomial regression models, adjusting for interviewees’ socioeconomic and demographic factors. Individuals aged ≥ 40 years were 2.1 times more likely to classify themselves as brown (versus white) when interviewed by black (as compared to white) interviewers. Participants in the same age group were 2.5 times less likely to classify themselves as black (versus white), when interviewed by black interviewers. These differences were even greater among men 40 years or older. Compared to white interviewers, black female interviewers were 2.5 times less likely to classify men aged ≥ 40 years as black. These results highlight the complexity of racial classification, indicating the influence of the interviewer’s physical characteristics on the interviewee’s “color/race”.; Avaliou-se a relação entre “cor/raça” de entrevistadoras, auto e heteroclassificação de “cor/raça” dos entrevistados. Foi realizado um estudo com indivíduos adultos de Pelotas...

The aim off the present study was to analyze the growth Farfantepenaeus paulensis juveniles captured in the Patos Lagoon Estuary (Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil), by fitting the von Bertalanffy growth model. Estuary-caught juveniles with mean weight (± SD)of 9.7 ± 2.3 and 7.5 ±2.3g for mamales and males, respectively, werw mantained indoors at a density of 7.3 srimp / m²for 279 days by which time they had exceeded the minimum size for reproduction (32.50 ± 5.14g for femalis and 21.55 ±2.15g for males). Modal progression analysis and the von Bertalanffy growth model were used to estimative weigth (W) and carapace length (Lc)growth curver for females and males, as follows: The growth curves were coherent with published information for F. paulensis and other panaeids, and provide a tool for aquaculture management and research.

The Brazilian Aristeidae are reviewed and shown to be represented by the following species: Aristaeomorpha foliacea (Risso, 1827); Hepomadus tener Smith, 1884; Plesiopenaeus edwardsianus {Johnson, 1867); Benthesicymus bartletti Smith, 1882; Gennadas brevirostris Bouvier, 1905; and Bentheogennema intermedia (Bate, 1888). Of these, A. foliacea, H. tener, B. bartletti and G. brevirostris are new records for Brazil. All of the species are widely distributed in the Atlantic and Indo-West Pacific oceans. Gennadas brevirostris is restricted to the Atlantic and Hepomadus tener occurs in the Western Atlantic and Indo-West Pacific oceans. Bentheogennema intermedia is the only species recorded for the Eastern Pacific. The latitudinal distribution among them ranges between 50°N and 40°S.

The species of the family Luciferidae in Brazil sere revised. They are represented by Lucifer faxoni that occurs in coastal waters including estuaries, and Lucifer typus an ofsshore specie.

Twelve species of Pinnotheridae from Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul States, Brazil, are redeseribed and illustrated; a key of identification is presented. Clypeasterophilus stebbingi Rathbun, 1918; Pinnotheres garthi Fenucci, 1975 and Pinnixa brevipollex Rathbun, 1898 are reported for the first time for Brazil. Clypeaslerophilus stebbingi Rathbun, 1918 and Tumidotheres maculatus Say, 1818, are new record for Santa Catarina. Fabia insularis Melo, I971 and Pinnotheres emiliai Melo, 1971 are revalitaded; Fabia sebastianensis Rodrigues da Costa, 1969; Pinnotheres garthi Fenucci, 1975; Pinnotheres emiliai Melo, 1971 and Pinnixa patagoniensis Rathbun, 1918 are new records for Rio Grande do Sul. Pinnixa brevipollex Rathbun, 1898 is a new record for Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul.

O presente estudo trata da experiência canadense e brasileira no âmbito da Bioética, em relação à formulação jurídica concernente à intervenção da ciência na reprodução humana. a análise dos aspectos éticos, sociais e jurídicos dos progressos das pesquisas genéticaspermite um aprofundamento das discussões sobre uma futura lei brasileira que venha a regular o recurso às técnicas de reprodução assistida no país.; Cette étude porte sur l'expérience canadienne et brésiliene dans le dumaine de la bióthique par rapport à l'encadrement juridique concernant l'intervetion de la science dans la reproduction humaine. L'analyse des enjeux éthiques, sociaux et juridiques de la recherche génétique offre une importante source de d'informations pour les discussions autour des lois canadiene et brésilienne consernant les techniques de reproduction médicalement assistée.

In February 1994, a Hector’s beaked whale, Mesoplodon hectori, was found ashore 80 km north of Rio Grande (32)07*S, 52)05*W), southern Brazil.The skull (CBL=497 mm) and post-cranial skeleton(C 7, T 11, L 10, Ca 17=45) were collected and placed at the Museu Oceanogra´fico ’Prof. Eliézer de Carvalho Rios’ collection (MORG 0104). The whale was identified based on skull morphology and measurements, as well as shape and position of the mandibular teeth. The small size (skeletal length=236 cm), unfilled mesorostral channel, wide open tooth pulp cavity, and unfused vertebral epyphisis indicated that the animal was young. This whale is the first record of the species in Brazil. In addition, it extends northwards the known range of Hector’s beaked whale in the west South Atlantic Ocean by about 800 km and represents the northernmost record of the species.

Esterification is one of the most fundamental reactions in organic chemistry. It has a great application in both laboratory work and industrial processes on account of its versatility. In this study sulfamic acid (H2NSO3H, SA) was used as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of fatty acid methyl and ethyl esters (FAEEs and FAMEs) under different conditions (fatty acid type, molar ratio, temperature, and % catalyst). Esterification using methanol and ethanol resulted in a higher fatty acid alkyl ester yield. The best result was obtained with ethanol, which yielded 91.2–97.7% FAEEs. However, in the same conditions the FAMEs were obtained with lower yields. These results demonstrate that this green methodology has high potential for the synthesis of fatty acid alkyl esters

Using fluid mud deposition events which occur regularly at Cassino Beach in south Brazil, we evaluated the influence of such events on the structure of the ichthyofauna inhabiting its shallow surf zone. Wave action was the dominant factor in differentiating between sampling sites, being lower or even absent at the mud-influenced sectors compared to beach area without mud. Samples were collected using a beach seine net at two control locations (A1 and A2), and at three locations influenced by mud deposition (B1, B2, and B3). During the study period (21 Aprile04 August 2009), 15,245 fishes were captured and separated into 26 taxonomic groups, from species to family. Individuals of a total length (TL) up to 50 mm accounted for 65% of the catch, while individuals of TL < 30 mm were the most numerous and more responsible for the total abundance spatial pattern. The area with higher wave action (A2) had the lowest relative species abundance and greatest diversity, whereas the areas with mud-forced lowest wave action (B2 and B3) had the highest species abundance values. Three hypotheses were proposed to explain the higher concentration and capture of juvenile fishes at mud locations. First, longshore currents may be responsible for the displacement of juvenile aggregations toward areas of lower energy. Second...

In the title compound, C11H15N3O3S, the C-S-N(H)-N linkage is nonplanar, the torsion angle being 75.70 (12)°. The compound has two almost planar fragments linked to the S atom: the hydrazone-derivative fragment [(HONC4H6)N-N(H)-] and the tolyl fragment (C7H7-) have maximum deviations from the mean plane through the non-H atoms of 0.0260 (10) and 0.0148 (14) Å, respectively. The two planar fragments make an interplanar angle of 79.47 (5)°. In the crystal, molecules are connected through inversion centers via pairs of N-H...O and O-H...N hydrogen bonds

O Grupo Interdisciplinar de Educação Ambiental (GIEA/RJ) foi criado pela lei estadual nº 3325/99, pelo então governador Anthony Garotinho, no dia 17 de dezembro. O GIEA é formado por representantes dos órgãos estatais de Meio Ambiente, Educação, Cultura, Ciência e Tecnologia, Saúde, Trabalho, Universidades, da Assembléia Legislativa e de representantes do Sindicato dos Profissionais da Educação (SEPE/RJ). A principal responsabilidade deste conselho é a definição e o acompanhamento da Política Estadual de Educação Ambiental, sobretudo a partir da avaliação dos projetos de Educação Ambiental(EA) no estado do Rio de Janeiro. A pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar em que medida o GIEA/RJ constitui para os profissionais da educação um espaço possível de conquista e avanços. A metodologia utilizada foi análise documental e pesquisa bibliográfica. A pesquisa teve como principal referência teórica os conceitos formulados por Antônio Gramsci,principalmente os de Estado integral e sociedade civil. Concluiu-se que, após ter sido realizado análise as políticas de criação das CIEA no Brasil e em particular da dinâmica de constituição do GIEA/RJ, a concepção de democracia “participativa” foi apreendido como um produto sócio-histórico limitado a interesses políticos identificados com a estratégia de difusão pelo Estado de valores que visam reorganizar a sociabilidade do capital no Brasil.; Grupo Interdisciplinar de Educação Ambiental (GIEA/RJ) was created by the state law nº 3325/99...

A closure model for the spectral equation of turbulent kinetic energy, in the case of a steady-state and horizontally homogeneous flow in a stably stratified surface boundary layer is developed by use of systematic dimensional analysis. All resulting arbitrary functions that describe transfer mechanisms are subsequently Taylor-expanded in terms of their (small) arguments. This procedure leads to the closure of the system in terms of arbitrary constants which can subsequently be determined by fitting of observational data. The resulting solution is tested through comparison with experimental curves drawn from the Kansas experiment and with a formerly developed model.