Fluorine addition in public water supply has been associated to the enormous world decline in dental caries index, still is the most efficiency preventive method for dental health. However the implementation of the fluoridation of the water propitiated the increase of the prevalence of dental fluorosis. The aim of this study were evaluate the level of fluorine in the public water supply in the cities of Pelotas and Rio Grande-RS and compare two fluorine determination methods. The samples were collected, biweekly, in the same points of the companies of public water supply in the two cities evaluated, Rio Grande (8 points), Pelotas (44 points). To the mensuration of the fluoride present in the samples two methods were used, one was the spectrophotometric SPANDS, the other the electrometric. The samples were appraised in duplicate and the results obtained was that the methods electrometric and espectrofotométrico presented good correlation (p<0,01), however there was difference statistics (p < 0,05).The concentrations of fluoride in the public water supply were inside of the values recommended in the twelve months of evaluation in the two districts of Pelotas and Rio Grande/RS. It was ended that of the two tested methods are suitable for determination of fluoride concentration...

Knowing the occlusal characteristics of deciduous and mixed dentition, its development, changes and possible influencing factors is important for prevention and interception of malocclusion, being it of great epidemiological value. For this,longitudinal studies are appropriate because they observe the same population in different time points. This study consisted of two parts: cross-sectional and longitudinal study. The cross-sectional study investigated the influence of demographic, behavioral and socioeconomic factors at time breastfeeding of the child and the influence of the same in occlusal characteristics of primary dentition. It was found that the statistically significant factors for breastfeeding were time use of baby bottle (p<0.001) and time-use of pacifier (p<0.001), moreover, in relation to dental occlusion were associated the relation of canines (p=0.002), the midline deviation (p=0.013), anterior open bite (p<0.000), overjet (p<0.001), posterior crossbite (p=0.006) and presence of malocclusion (p<0.001). The longitudinal study compared occlusal characteristics present in children in primary dentition and mixed dentition, six years after. Were eligible all children examined in 2007 that, after contact with the mother...

A partir do filme Passagem para a Índia discuto os efeitos dos discursos que constituíram o processo de colonização e fabricaram o colonizado como o ‘Outro’ a ser civilizado pelo ente chamado Europa. Nesse sentido, o filme se presta a uma análise da constituição das identidades subordinadas pelo colonialismo e, ao mesmo tempo, reconstrói a genealogia do discurso colonizador. Destaco também os efeitos da colonização tanto para o colonizado como para o próprio colonizador. Utilizo como ferramenta teórica o conceito de 'Zona de Contato', de Mary Pratt, explorando a idéia de colonização como co-presença de culturas, de suas interações e de seus choques. Nas Zonas de Contato tanto colonizado quanto colonizador se misturam assimetricamente; não se confundem, mas confundem-se, assustam-se, ficam mutuamente perplexos. Procuro mostrar que foram (são) os europeus que ficaram (ficam) muito mais assustados nas Zonas de Contato do que nós — o “resto do mundo” — ficamos sob sua dominação. Por fim, defendo a necessidade de construir um outro discurso, que se mova com uma outra sensibilidade e que leve em conta as diferenças e suas formas de produção. Isso talvez ajude a produção de políticas contra as antigas e atuais formas de dominação e de exclusão social.

The work discusses how teachers have been seen and situated, in particular by the educational discourses of the last decades, analyzing how their occupational and professional situations have been defined from the viewpoint of the studies in the educational field. The issue of identity is discussed in its relation with the position of subject that is attributed to teachers in performing their roles within concrete labor contexts, and also in its relation to the set of representations circulated by the discourses about the manners of being and acting of teachers in the exercise of their functions. The text explores the arguments around models of professionalism that circulate as more or less adequate, and it debates possible implications of such models to the construction of teacher identities. It also seeks to show how the educational restructuring of the last decades, by stimulating certain models of professionalism, bring forth teacher identities more or less articulated with the ultimate goals of the reforms, and in doing so the text tries to reveal contradictions, steps forward, limits and possibilities in each one of the models. Lastly,the article discusses some theoretical-methodological aspects in the study of teacher identities...

This study deals with teacher education which results from the participation in the Encontro sobre o Poder Escolar, a periodical event that has been held in Pelotas, RS, Brazil, since 2001. This meeting, which aims at developing and valuing professionals in Education, has been collectively sponsored and organized by different institutions. The presuppositions that have supported its planning are the recognition of teachers knowledge, the importance of dialogue and collective work in teacher education and the reflective action in teachers practices. The meeting, which has had a diverse program with conferences, panels, cultural activities, has also comprised Round Tables to Share Experiences, which have made teachers play the main roles in their development. Proposals have been open-ended so that the meeting can be re-constructed every year by introducing new activities and other actors, such as students and parents. The critical reflection upon a project that has been held for so long and has involved a large number of people resulted from an initial question: how do the Encontros sobre o Poder Escolar affect the school practices of the teachers who take part and present their experiences in these meetings? The need to set limits in th investigation led me to focus data collection on the reports of teachers who had presented their experiences. Data were collected by documents and consolidated by meetings with focal groups. The investigation had the characteristics of a case study whereas data interpretation respected the principles of content analysis. The dialogue with Freire s thoughts enabled me to find the dimensions of the concept of permanent education...

This thesis describes how imaginary's intimations have influenced actorteachers' form-a(c)tion as structured and structuring structures: theater students, in an extracurricular perspective, were immersed in ten poetical experiments during almost three years in order to amplify their perceptions on imaginary's various intimations (symbolic groups of images) which take part in every moment of their and our lives. Is this amplification of the perception on the constant dislocations which everyone performs in the present (bersonian eternal duration) what configures a reeducation of the sensible? The answer to that question, originated from my research, is composed by a series of letters which intend to take the reader closer to the research trajectory itself. The "letters upon the reeducation of the sensible" highlight several movements; however, they reveal that the sensible is a dimension impossible to measure: one can try to have it measured, but that would mean potentizing the intelligible. For that reason, in the thesis report, the description and the direct speech were chosen as a sort of data analysis. The main references, which support the theoretical construct, are: studies on the imaginary (Gilbert Durand and Michel Maffesoli) and actor formation (Constantin Stanislavski and Jerzy Grotowski). With such references it was possible to observe the interaction between form (structured structure) and action (structuring structure)...

Analyze the experience and its narrativity elucidating the relation between them is the goal of this work. The aim is to discuss how faint are the boundaries between the real and the fictional in the literature, focusing the intersection between factual anchorage and literary narrative.Based upon the traumatic experience, the Mozambican CIvil war, the novels "Sleepwalking Land" (2007), by Mia Couto, and Apocalypse Winds (2006), by Pauline Chiziane, resume the historical fact by way of fiction, including the voice of subalterns, characters in general that not gained prominence in writing the official history of the country .Therefore, it seeks to understand how to process the historical experience and how it could house other experience classes.; Sem bolsa; Analisar a experiência e sua narratividade, elucidando as relações entre ambas, é o objetivo deste trabalho. Pretende-se problematizar o quão tênues são as fronteiras entre o real e o fictício na literatura, tendo como enfoque a intersecção entre a ancoragem factual e a narrativa literária. Embasados na experiência traumática, a guerra civil moçambicana, os romances Terra Sonâmbula (2007), de Mia Couto, e Ventos do Apocalipse (2006), de Paulina Chiziane retomam o fato histórico pela via da ficção...

It examines critically the academic performance of teenagers occurred in a predefined chronological space. Research poured individuals of both genders, coming from all elementary school grades of a public school in the outskirts of Pelotas-RS. Detector if that approval, disapproval, transfers and truancy can is related to the use of linguistic markers between genders, determined by language, culture and identity. These are sociolinguistic factors mentioned as possible causes that academic performance of boys is worse than that of girls. The methodological procedure used was the quantitative method correlated with the studies sociolinguistic Labovianos. Data were collected through a School Demographics Database - BDDE and a complementary study of the written language, based on essays of students in the classroom. The analysis took as a parameter the contributions of Sociolinguists experts, as Labov (2008), among others. The main earned results highlight that the school develops an educational model that favors a standard language that favors females, this is demonstrated by the low academic performance of male adolescents; girls have better school performance index in the age group between ten and eleven and pre-teen boys in this age group have their poor school performance...

The Federal institutions of Education, Science and Technology prioritize those disciplines which belong to the Integrated High School Technical Schooling modalities of their curricular grid, and the disciplines related to Language which have less than 8% of the work load are set in the courses of that modality. Portuguese Language has only 2h per class a week to develop Language teaching, Literature and Textual Production. Towards this issue, in this research it was objectified to verify the productivity of technological tools to compensate the lack of time. Moreover, it was aimed to articulate the language teaching process with the use of more attractive and motivating elements to students. The research method was based on a qualitative and ethnographic approach, in which the data had been described for a professor, the researcher himself, who is directly responsible for the practice, data capture and analysis. The target public of this research is the entrant student of the Integrated High School of a Technical School located at the Southern tip of Rio Grande Do Sul. The age-group of the involved individuals is that of 13-18 year-old entrant students in technical courses such as Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, Geoprocessing, Electro Technology and Informatics. The Theoretical Background is divided in seven sections...

This study discusses the differents representation of alien in the narratives L’Étranger by Albert Camus and Lo straniero by Luchino Visconti. Therefore, our reflection is based on the precepts chosen by Tiphane Samoyault about the concept of intertextuality in order to understand how the works relate. We also consider the meaning of adaptation by the proposition of Linda Hutcheon. Under this perspective, we discuss the issues concerning the theory of alien of Julia Kristeva and Bernhard Waldenfels in the narratives thematic focus – the incipit from the novel and the opening scenes of Visconti’s film. Thereby, we analysis the alien behavior of the main character in the literary and filmic narratives, Meursault, in order to discuss the hypothesis of the research that seeks to understand if the filmic narrative is able to repay the strangeness of the novel since the opening.; Sem bolsa; Esse trabalho discute as diferentes representações de estranho nas narrativas L’Étranger, de Albert Camus, e Lo straniero, de Luchino Visconti. Para tanto, nossa reflexão baseia-se nos preceitos elencados por Tiphane Samoyault sobre o conceito de intertextualidade de modo a entender como as obras artísticas se relacionam. Pensamos, ainda...

The present paper aims at discussing the poetical-musical production in Rio Grande do Sul based on the intertexuality and interdisciplinarity perspectives in the nine compositions that are part of the LP (Long Play) Payador, Pampa and Guitar, by Noel Guarany and Jayme Caetano Braun. Among the productions presented on the LP it is found songs, payadas and poems. The thematic of the record proposes the cultural/ideological unit between Brazilian gaúchos and Uruguayan and Argentinian gauchos. In this context of crossing frontiers it is possible to realize that its content surpasses the limits related to local and regional colour. Also, this is a work that arises in a cultural moment in which there were few publication of poem books, and the poets found in music and songs, a space of prestige in society for their publications. Such phenomenon did not occur in Rio Grande do Sul only, but all over Brazil and Latin America. In the Brazilian literature there is a tradition with the orality and, the oral genres have an important role in Rio Grande do Sul’s regional scenery. In addition, Payador, Pampa and Guitar integrates the scenery that highlights the existence of the regional musical style, with the production of songs more dedicated to the reflexion on the cultural formation of the gaúcho and platino people.; Sem bolsa; A presente pesquisa discute sobre a produção poético-musical do Rio Grande do Sul a partir das perspectivas de intertextualidade e interdisciplinaridade presentes nas nove composições que integram o LP (Long Play – disco de vinil) Payador...

Survival, longevity and reproductive aspects of the flies are related to biotic, abiotic and interaction between them. The temperature, for example, directly influences the speed and rate of development, behavior, feeding, fecundity, dispersal, reproductive potential and the number of individuals in a population. Given this, the objective of this study was to determine the influence of storage muscoidea adults of Musca domestica and Chrysomya megacephala at low temperatures (5 and 10°C) through the analysis of the bionomic survival, longevity, number of ovos.fêmeas-1 and viability (%) eggs. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Insect Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, and the achievement were maintained colonies of both species, pre-established laboratory conditions (temperature 25+2°C, relative humidity 70+10%; photoperiod of 12 hours). We randomly selected 15 pairs/species/repeat, and packaged in glass bottles, with three replicates/treatment. All repetitions were simultaneously placed in a chamber of biological development (B.O.D.) at temperatures of 5, 10 and 25+2°C (control) and is the factor A (temperature controlled conditioning of adults). The flies were removed from B.O.Ds. 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days...

The extracts of vegetal origin have been largely studied with the aim of obtaining an efficient and ecologically viable alternative to the control of plagues.The study of substances with selective deterrent bioactivity that affects insect s behavior, development and reproductive output is extremely important to avoid the problems caused by non selective chemical insecticides.Based in the importance of Musca domestica L.(Diptera,Muscidae)due to its high potential of carrying pathogens,its occurrence in high populations and in the lack of studies about the effects of vegetal extracts over insects,the present study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the deterrent bioactivity of aqueous extracts of Eucalyptus sp. L'Hér. (Myrtaceae)and Melia azedarach L.(Meliaceae)over larvae of M. domestica and the influence of the aqueous extract of M. azedarach on the oviposition behavior of this insect.To evaluate the influence of the aqueous extracts of Eucalyptus sp.and M. azedarach on larvae of M. domestica...; Os extratos de origem vegetal têm sido amplamente estudados visando se obter uma alternativa eficaz e ecologicamente viável para o controle de pragas.O estudo de substâncias com bioatividade deterrente seletiva,que atuem sobre o comportamento...

Agentes atuando em comunidade devem agir de maneira coerente para atingir um objetivo comum. A coordenação pode ser baseada na estrutura organizacional, onde a comunidade de agentes atua a fa- vor de um objetivo comum atrav¶es da forma como est~ao organizados. Em ambientes dinâmicos a organização dos agentes deve se adaptar a mudanças nos objetivos do sistema, na disponibilidade de recursos, nos relacionamentos entre os agentes, e assim por diante. Esta °exibilidade ¶e um problema chave nos sistemas multiagentes e está relacionada µa mode- los de aprendizagem e adapta»c~ao como os observados nos insetos sociais. O presente trabalho prop~oe uma abordagem para a gera»c~ao e adapta»c~ao da organiza»c~ao de um sistema multiagente de larga escala, em tempo de execu»c~ao, utilizando como base os modelos te¶oricos de organiza»c~ao das col^onias de insetos sociais. Pretende-se que este trabalho contribua para o avan»co do estado-da-arte em sistemas multiagentes uma vez que a abordagem proposta comp~oe uma abordagem para a especi¯ca»c~ao e resolu»c~ao de problemas, atrav¶es destes sistemas, focada em ambientes din^amicos e de larga escala.

In vitro penetration (IVP) of swine oocytes by homologous spermatozoa was evaluated in two experiments using four boars as semen donors. In experiment 1, the IVP rate and the number of penetrating spermatozoa (PSP) were compared using three co-incubation systems for vitrified oocytes and fresh sperm: (1) 35mL petri dishes in a CO2 incubator, (2) 35mL petri dishes in bags (submarine system) and (3) glass flasks partially submerged in water bath with the same gas mixture used for the bag system. Mean PSPwas 8.2±10.1 and the IVP ratewas 90.5%. The PSP differed across all systems (P = 0.0006): 15.5±0.5 for flasks, 6.3±0.4 for CO2, and 3.9±0.4 for bags. The IVP rate for flasks (95.0%) was greater (P = 0.01) than for CO2 and bags (90.8% and 85.0%, respectively), but it did not differ between flasks and CO2 for three boars (P > 0.05). In experiment 2, co-incubation was done as described for glass flasks in experiment 1. The IVP rate and PSP were compared for cryopreserved oocytes: either vitrified in open pulled straws (OPS), or frozen in cryotubes. Mean PSP was 5.4±6.5 and IVP ratewas 89.6%. Both PSP and IVP ratewere greater (P < 0.0001) for oocytes frozen in cryotubes (7.0±0.3% and 95.8%, respectively) than those frozen in OPS (3.7±0.3% and 83.4%...

The objective of this work is to explain how practical reasoning takes place in Aristotle. This is a delicate and controversial issue of the Aristotelian practical philosophy, since he did not dedicate any moment of his work the Stagirite to closely analyze the practical reasoning. In his Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle deals with deliberation, prudence, and practical syllogism, but we do not see him coordinate these themes as a concluded whole in a theory of the practical reasoning. This research aims to do so in order to precisely determine how the practical reasoning of a moral agent works, since its beginning, in the apprehension of a conception of the good, until its conclusion, in the imminence of an action. To do so this work undertakes an analysis of important conceptions about the theory of practical reasoning. Initially, two preliminary themes are dealt with: happiness and moral virtue, and right in sequence it goes deeper in the theme of practical reasoning analyzing the concepts of deliberate choice, of deliberation, and, most of all, of prudential reason, seeing that its operation covers a considerable part of the practical reasoning of the moral agent. But practical reasoning is not completely explained only by understanding such themes neither can it be limited to the operation of prudential reason. The theory of practical syllogism also appears as an important element in the explanation of how practical reasoning works. As a result of this...

This study is the result of an interdisciplinary critical comparatist investigation of three narratives from Brazilian writer Sérgio Sant Anna - the short stories Cenários (1982) and A mulher nua (2003), as well as the fiction text O livro de Praga: narrativas de amor e arte (2011). The line of investigation is the study of the relation between word and image, focusing on the relation between Literature and Visual Arts, which can be both identified in Sant´Anna s texts. Concepts and theoretical contributions not only from the field of literary studies were applied, but also from the intertextuality and semiotic theories, which deal with the relation between verbal and imagetic textualities. The results corroborate the understanding that Sant´Anna`s writing has the characteristic of being self-referring, intersemiotic and problematizing of the literary production activity.; Esta dissertação é resultado de investigação de natureza interdisciplinar e críticocomparatista de três narrativas do escritor brasileiro Sérgio Sant´Anna: os contos Cenários (1982) e A mulher nua (2003) e o texto de ficção O livro de Praga: narrativas de amor e arte (2011). O eixo investigativo é o do estudo das relações entre palavra e imagem...

An accessible environment should enable both deaf and non-deaf people to learn equally. Even if Brazil uses bilingual education, the ideal for learning of that individual is to emphasize visual aspects of learning environments. Considering the use of narratives as a tool for generating knowledge in hypermedia environments, it appears that non-linearity allows the student to define and control the process of browsing and reading data. The comics present these characteristics as they are formed by images of sequential frames which are interconnected, enabling greater integration of content with the imagination of the reader, allowing them to impose their own rhythm of reading and therefore learning. The aim of this paper is to present the preliminary results of a systematic search on an interdisciplinary basis, about the use of comics as a tool for inclusive education, with emphasis on learning for deaf people.

This trial aimed to evaluate the influence of two educational methods on students’ ability to remove artificial carious dentine. Traditional lecture and lecture plus a live demonstration of artificial carious tissue removal were compared in a blind two parallel-group design. Twenty-six students were randomly divided into two groups, and their skills were evaluated according to the following criteria: time spent on the dentine excavation procedure (in min), students’ perceived confidence in conducting the procedure(graded assessed on a scale from 0 to 10), and the outcome of artificial carious tissue removal, evaluated by measuring the residual dyed artificial carious dentine layer(in lm). Statistical analyses were carried out using a t-test to compare the students’confidence and time spent on the procedure, and a two-way ANOVA was used to compare residual artificial decayed dentine with educational methods and tooth region (incisal, medium, and cervical thirds) as factors. There were no differences between the methods regarding excavation time (P = 0.898) and students’ confidence (P = 0.382). The residual artificial carious dentine results showed that the educational method (P < 0.001) and cavity region (P < 0.001) were statistically significant...

A busca do “perdão” por parte do Estado Democrático Brasileiro” àqueles que durante o golpe militar de 1964, retorna atualmente com força total, uma vez que, parentes de vítimas e sobrevivente deste episódio, ainda lutam por suas liberdades ceifadas durante os “anos de chumbo” no Brasil. Este trabalho visa analisar o papel que a Lei da Anistia de 1979, elaborada ainda durante a Ditadura Militar, tem quanto a reparação dos danos físicos e psicológicos às vítimas deste momento político brasileiro. Em primeira instância, parece que a Lei da Anistia procura aplacar ou até mesmo “fazer esquecer” o sofrimento, a dor, a angústia sofridos por aqueles que não aceitaram a censura, a repressão, a proibição à liberdade de expressão, enfim, procura através de indenizações monetárias, absolver os carrascos destes indivíduos que ainda levam marcas daquele período.