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- London School of Economics and Political Science
- London School of Economics and Political Science Thesis
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Resultados filtrados por Publicador: London School of Economics and Political Science Thesis
Institutionalised consensus in Europe’s parliament
Fonte: London School of Economics and Political Science Thesis
Publicador: London School of Economics and Political Science Thesis
Tipo: Thesis; NonPeerReviewed
Formato: application/pdf
Publicado em //2005
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
556.85957%
Embedded consensus has characterised the behaviour of the European Parliament since its foundation in the 1950s. This research tests the path dependence of consensus during the period of 1994 to 2002, in the light of the changing institutional powers of the Parliament. It challenges existing theory and empirical evidence drawn mainly from roll call votes that has concluded that the European Parliament has become more competitive internally in response to increased institutional powers. There are three causal factors that reinforce consensus: the need to reconcile national and ideological divisions within a multinational political system; the pull of external institutional factors such as institutional change or the separation of powers; and internal incentives for collusion between political actors influenced by the need to accommodate the interests of the national elites present at the level of the European Union. Switzerland, a multiple cleavage system of decentralised federalism that includes consociational characteristics and a separation of powers, provides a comparative reference point for institutionalised consensus. The hypotheses of institutionalised consensus are tested empirically in four ways: 1) by roll call votes between 1994 and 2001...
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Satellite communications: the political determination of technological development, 1961-1975
Fonte: London School of Economics and Political Science Thesis
Publicador: London School of Economics and Political Science Thesis
Tipo: Thesis; NonPeerReviewed
Formato: application/pdf
Publicado em /10/1979
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
555.77414%
#HE Transportation and Communications#JK Political institutions (United States)#JN Political institutions (Europe)
The thesis sets forth a model relating political contention
to technological development. The selective realisation of
a technical potentiality is shown to have been determined
by conflict and negotiation among shifting alliances of
state and private-industrial entities, each attempting to
impose its requirements upon an emergent technology and
thereby to dictate the precise form and pace of technical
development.
The 'course of communications satellite development is
examined during the technology's formative period from
1961 to 1975--as the product of struggles over technological
control. Negotiation centered upon control, and
contending modes of technical development were promoted
and opposed on the basis of their perceived consequences
upon the distribution of effective control over the technology.
The initial mode of satellite development lasted from
1961 to 1971 and is characterised as pre-emptive underdevelopment;
urgency and haste were combined with tight
constraints on the qualitative breadth allowed to technological
articulation. Pre-emptive underdevelopment derived
from an uneasy political accommodation struck among constituencies
dominant during this phases the U.S. government,
American communications carrier industry and a Western
European intergovernmental bloc. The reigning compromise
was directed toward expediting satellite development sufficiently
to forestall rival deployments without endangering
existing and anticipated interests in both satellite
and competitive technologies. Technical development beneath
a minimum level risked undermining the regime of
control by leaving open the possibility of rival satellite
systems; but development beyond a maximum level would have
harmed the outstanding industrial and political interests
in whose defence control was sought...
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A conditional theory of the ‘political resource curse:’ oil, autocrats, and strategic contexts
Fonte: London School of Economics and Political Science Thesis
Publicador: London School of Economics and Political Science Thesis
Tipo: Thesis; NonPeerReviewed
Formato: application/pdf
Publicado em /09/2011
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
556.28617%
A burgeoning literature argues that the abundance of oil in developing countries
strengthens autocratic rule and erodes democracy. However, extant studies either show
the average cross-national correlation between oil and political regime or develop
particularistic accounts that do not easily lend themselves to theorizing. Consequently,
we know little of the causal mechanisms that potentially link oil wealth to undemocratic
outcomes and the conditions that would help explain the ultimate, not average, effect of
oil on political regime.
This study develops a conditional theory of the “political resource curse.” It does
so by undertaking a statistical reassessment of the relationship between oil wealth and
political regime and a nuanced qualitative examination of a set of carefully selected
cases in order to contribute to developing an adequate account of causal mechanisms
that transmit and conditions that shape the relationship between oil abundance and
autocracy. It draws on qualitative and quantitative evidence collected over eighteen
months of fieldwork in oil-rich former Soviet countries of Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and
Turkmenistan, and the ‘counterfactual’ oil-poor Kyrgyzstan. Employing a theoretical
framework that draws on insights from the rentier state theory...
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