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## LHAPDF: PDF Use from the Tevatron to the LHC

Bourilkov, D; Group, R C; Whalley, M R
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
252.32203%
Parton Density Functions (PDFs) and their uncertainties are extremely important topics for both the Tevatron and the LHC. Experiments at the Tevatron can enhance this knowledge not only by constraining the PDF fits, but also by developing and refining the available PDF tools through feed-back from the experiments that are currently analyzing the highest energy hadron collider data available. It is important that the community has standardized tools and methods at its disposal. In this note we summarize briefly the most recent developments of the The Les Houches Accord PDF (LHAPDF), which is the modern replacement for PDFLIB. We also outline and compare the methods of quantifying the impact of PDF uncertainties on physical observables. The PDF weighting method for propagating errors from PDFs to event generator observables is outlined in detail, and example code for using this method with PYTHIA is also included.; Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables; prepared for the TeV4LHC workshop; v2 - reference added

## ManeParse: Mathematica Toolbox for PDF Uncertainties and Application to New Physics Searches

Godat, Eric
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Relevância na Pesquisa
252.32203%
As the LHC begins Run 2 at an even higher energy, one of the top priorities will be to search for new particles (possibly from SUSY) at the highest energy scales. In addition to direct production of new particles, they can mix with Standard Model (SM) particles to yield discrepancies from the usual predictions. To distinguish this new physics from old uncertainties, we need tools to precisely quantify the uncertainties of the SM predictions. Here we present a versatile set of utility functions built with Mathematica that is capable of working with a variety of PDF formats including the recent LHAPDF6 format. This software can perform PDF calculations within the Mathematica framework and compare results from different PDF collaborations. The package includes both the central PDF value as well as the full error sets needed for PDF uncertainty analysis; a variety of sample error definitions are implemented. We demonstrate this package for the case of a new heavy scalar particle production at the LHC.; Comment: 5 pages, 11 figures, Presentation at the DPF 2015 Meeting of the American Physical Society Division of Particles and Fields, Ann Arbor, Michigan, August 4-8, 2015

## The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: A Measurement of the Thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich One-Point PDF

Hill, J. Colin; Sherwin, Blake D.; Smith, Kendrick M.; Addison, Graeme E.; Battaglia, Nick; Battistelli, Elia S.; Bond, J. Richard; Calabrese, Erminia; Devlin, Mark J.; Dunkley, Joanna; Dunner, Rolando; Essinger-Hileman, Thomas; Gralla, Megan B.; Hajian,
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Relevância na Pesquisa
252.32203%
We present a measurement of the one-point probability distribution function (PDF) of the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) decrement in the pixel temperature histogram of filtered 148 GHz sky maps from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT). The PDF includes the signal from all galaxy clusters in the map, including objects below the signal-to-noise threshold for individual detection, making it a particularly sensitive probe of the amplitude of matter density perturbations, $\sigma_8$. We use a combination of analytic halo model calculations and numerical simulations to compute the theoretical tSZ PDF and its covariance matrix, accounting for all noise sources and including relativistic corrections. From the measured ACT 148 GHz PDF alone, we find $\sigma_8 = 0.793 \pm 0.018$, with additional systematic errors of $\pm 0.017$ due to uncertainty in intracluster medium gas physics and $\pm 0.006$ due to uncertainty in infrared point source contamination. Using effectively the same data set, the statistical error here is a factor of two lower than that found in ACT's previous $\sigma_8$ determination based solely on the skewness of the tSZ signal. In future temperature maps with higher sensitivity, the tSZ PDF will break the degeneracy between intracluster medium gas physics and cosmological parameters.; Comment: 29 pages...

## Theory of the 1-point PDF for incompressible Navier-Stokes fluids

Tessarotto, M.; Asci, C.
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Relevância na Pesquisa
255.3998%
Fundamental aspects of fluid dynamics are related to construction of statistical models for incompressible Navier-Stokes fluids. The latter can be considered either \textit{deterministic} or \textit{stochastic,} respectively for \textit{regular} or \textit{turbulent flows.} In this work we claim that a possible statistical formulation of this type can be achieved by means of the 1-point (local) velocity-space probability density function (PDF, $f_{1}$) to be determined in the framework of the so-called inverse kinetic theory (IKT). There are several important consequences of the theory. These include, in particular, the characterization of the initial PDF [for the statistical model ${f_{1},\Gamma} ]$ . This is found to be generally non-Gaussian PDF, even in the case of flows which are regular at the initial time. Moreover, both for regular and turbulent flows, its time evolution is provided by a Liouville equation, while the corresponding Liouville operator is found to depend only on a finite number of velocity moments of the same PDF. Hence, its time evolution depends (functionally) solely on the same PDF. In addition, the statistical model here developed determines uniquely both the initial condition and the time evolution of $f_{1}.$ As a basic implication...

## A non-hybrid method for the PDF equations of turbulent flows on unstructured grids

Bakosi, J.; Franzese, P.; Boybeyi, Z.
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Relevância na Pesquisa
253.59818%
In probability density function (PDF) methods of turbulent flows, the joint PDF of several flow variables is computed by numerically integrating a system of stochastic differential equations for Lagrangian particles. A set of parallel algorithms is proposed to provide an efficient solution of the PDF transport equation, modeling the joint PDF of turbulent velocity, frequency and concentration of a passive scalar in geometrically complex configurations. An unstructured Eulerian grid is employed to extract Eulerian statistics, to solve for quantities represented at fixed locations of the domain (e.g. the mean pressure) and to track particles. All three aspects regarding the grid make use of the finite element method (FEM) employing the simplest linear FEM shape functions. To model the small-scale mixing of the transported scalar, the interaction by exchange with the conditional mean model is adopted. An adaptive algorithm that computes the velocity-conditioned scalar mean is proposed that homogenizes the statistical error over the sample space with no assumption on the shape of the underlying velocity PDF. Compared to other hybrid particle-in-cell approaches for the PDF equations, the current methodology is consistent without the need for consistency conditions. The algorithm is tested by computing the dispersion of passive scalars released from concentrated sources in two different turbulent flows: the fully developed turbulent channel flow and a street canyon (or cavity) flow. Algorithmic details on estimating conditional and unconditional statistics...

## PDF/A-3u as an archival format for Accessible mathematics

Moore, Ross
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Relevância na Pesquisa
252.32203%
Including LaTeX source of mathematical expressions, within the PDF document of a text-book or research paper, has definite benefits regarding Accessibility' considerations. Here we describe three ways in which this can be done, fully compatibly with international standards ISO 32000, ISO 19005-3, and the forthcoming ISO 32000-2 (PDF 2.0). Two methods use embedded files, also known as attachments', holding information in either LaTeX or MathML formats, but use different PDF structures to relate these attachments to regions of the document window. One uses structure, so is applicable to a fully Tagged PDF' context, while the other uses /AF tagging of the relevant content. The third method requires no tagging at all, instead including the source coding as the /ActualText replacement of a so-called fake space'. Information provided this way is extracted via simple Select/Copy/Paste actions, and is available to existing screen-reading software and assistive technologies.; Comment: This is a post-print version of original in volume: S.M. Watt et al. (Eds.): CICM 2014, LNAI 8543, pp.184-199, 2014; available at http://link.springer.com/search?query=LNAI+8543, along with supplementary PDF. This version, with supplement as attachment...

## On the evolution of the density pdf in strongly self-gravitating systems

Girichidis, Philipp; Konstandin, Lukas; Whitworth, Anthony P.; Klessen, Ralf S.
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
252.32203%
The time evolution of the probability density function (PDF) of the mass density is formulated and solved for systems in free-fall using a simple appoximate function for the collapse of a sphere. We demonstrate that a pressure-free collapse results in a power-law tail on the high-density side of the PDF. The slope quickly asymptotes to the functional form $\mathrm{P}_v(\rho)\propto\rho^{-1.54}$ for the (volume-weighted) PDF and $\mathrm{P}_m(\rho)\propto\rho^{-0.54}$ for the corresponding mass-weighted distribution. From the simple approximation of the PDF we derive analytic descriptions for mass accretion, finding that dynamically quiet systems with narrow density PDFs lead to retarded star formation and low star formation rates. Conversely, strong turbulent motions that broaden the PDF accelerate the collapse causing a bursting mode of star formation. Finally, we compare our theoretical work with observations. The measured star formation rates are consistent with our model during the early phases of the collapse. Comparison of observed column density PDFs with those derived from our model suggests that observed star-forming cores are roughly in free-fall.; Comment: accepted for publication, 13 pages

## An Upper Bound to the Marginal PDF of the Ordered Eigenvalues of Wishart Matrices

Park, Hong Ju; Ayanoglu, Ender
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Using the recently derived NNLO cross sections \cite{Czakon:2013goa}, we provide NNLO+NNLL theoretical predictions for top quark pair production based on all the available NNLO PDF sets, and compare them with the most precise LHC and Tevatron data. In this comparison we study in detail the PDF uncertainty and the scale, $m_t$ and $\alpha_s$ dependence of the theoretical predictions for each PDF set. Next, we observe that top quark pair production provides a powerful direct constraint on the gluon PDF at large $x$, and include Tevatron and LHC top pair data consistently into a global NNLO PDF fit. We then explore the phenomenological consequences of the reduced gluon PDF uncertainties, by showing how they can improve predictions for Beyond the Standard Model processes at the LHC. Finally, we update to full NNLO+NNLL the theoretical predictions for the ratio of top quark cross sections between different LHC center of mass energies, as well as the cross sections for hypothetical heavy fourth-generation quark production at the LHC.; Comment: 29 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in JHEP